If warts occur near the anus, it means that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is developing in the body. A dangerous infection that in the active phase can cause oncology, death. Diagnosis and treatment must be timely.
What is human papillomavirus
HPV is a common genital infection that, through active cell division, causes the appearance of warts in intimate areas. The group of viruses from the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV is infected with about 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus has been in the body in a latent form for many years.
Incubation period
Replication lasts 3 months when the virus does not show up in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection multiplies, affecting healthy tissue. Immunity of young women eliminates HPV alone in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20%, the infection intensifies, the disease becomes chronic.
Routes of infection
Human papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:
- Sexual. The main route of infection, where the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Contact and household. The use of things, clothes, shoes, household items by a sick person.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is transmitted to the baby as it moves through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Contact. Contact with the skin of an infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases and no treatment is required. In the rest of the patients, it becomes active, relapses. The causes of HPV in women are:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected intercourse;
- long-term medicine;
- birth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug abuse, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the genitourinary sphere;
- weak immunity after illness.
What is dangerous
Papillomavirus in women causes malignant tumors of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can develop. To rule out uterine dysplasia and the further development of cancer, it is necessary to determine the DNA virus in time and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with infection of the fetus. If a woman becomes ill while carrying a fetus, complex therapy begins at the age of 7 months when the baby's organs are fully formed.
Oncogenic HPV types
Depending on the degree of cancer risk, the following types of HPV are distinguished in women:
- Non-oncogene. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are ruled out, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogene. Hpv types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40-44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provocative factors, the development of a malignant tumor is possible.
- Medium oncogene. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Under the influence of provocative factors, cancer develops.
- Very oncogenic. The HPV types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The probability of developing oncology is high.
HPV 16 and 18 types
HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbe invades the body's cells, blocking the antitumor defenses. In the area of the genitals, the anus, gray spots appear with a rough surface. Over time, warts, papillomas and condyloma form. They are located not only on the genitals but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs and in the armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reducing the activity of the immune system, creating favorable conditions for benign tumors prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer can develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
Symptoms of infection
Signs of infection depend on the strains the person has sustained. Initially, the HPV carrier does not experience discomfort. The virus is in a latent (asymptomatic) form. Under the influence of provocative factors, the following signs of HPV appear:
- pain in the external genitalia;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- skin neoplasms;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and condylomas
Skin growth is the first sign of HPV. Genital warts appear when infected with viruses of 6, 11 types. The outgrowths are flesh-colored, which on the outside resemble cauliflower. Such neoplasms are often prone to malignancy, localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rashes are several, can fuse together into large foci. The greatest danger is the risk of damage to such a build-up on a thin leg.
Papillomas are caused by the activity of HPV type 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. Located on lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. The growth of dense consistency on the leg varies in color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. The disease can not be cured. With strong immunity, such growths disappear without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
In women, the following types of warts are distinguished in shape:
- Common (vulgar). Located on face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet, caused by HPV type 1, 2.
- Filamentous. Nodules on the leg are located in the groin, under the armpits and mammary glands, on the genitals.
- Flat (youthful). Located in the armpits, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in their teens, disappearing on their own when they grow up. Caused by a type 3, 5 virus.
Diagnostics
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to research and correctly determine the type of virus. In dangerous conditions, a woman is registered in a venereal disease ward. Diagnosis is complex, including the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin neoplasms, determines their size and location.
- Colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. For the accuracy of the study, use Lugol's solution, acetic acid.
- Biopsy. Scraping of biomaterial from the cervix is done to confirm or rule out oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Determines the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is performed to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the action of the virus.
PAP test
This method is used in gynecology. To determine cancerous changes in the epithelium, a scraping is performed from the cervix. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the lining of the inside of the cervix and the fornix of the vagina. It is stained, dried and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify atypical cells and cancer cells.
The phases in the evaluation of the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- the initial phase of atypical cells;
- abnormal structure of nuclei;
- cells with an irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
To determine the DNA regions that are characteristic of the papillomavirus, a scraping from the vagina is performed. With a positive result, the concentration of antigen per100 cells as follows:
- Set up to 3 - HPV concentration is low.
- Lg 3-5 is a large amount of papillomavirus.
- Lg from 5 - high concentration of HPV.
Digene test
This is a hybrid capture method that detects regions of the papillomavirus DNA. The screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), detects HPV at an early stage and a tendency to oncology. The Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, often combined with a cytological examination. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
Complex HPV treatment includes the following areas:
- cutting of growths on the skin;
- taking antiviral drugs;
- immunostimulatory treatment courses.
Condyloma and papillomas, depending on their location on the body, are easy to injure. In addition, neoplasms can grow. Such growths are best removed by surgery. Otherwise, the risk of skin lesions quickly becoming carcinogenic increases.
Medicine
It is necessary to take medication to reduce the activity of the virus, to strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is curable. List of drugs for complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components of the composition. This way you can remove small growths on the skin, stop their growth.
- Antiviral. The composition of drugs contains an antiviral component, when it enters the body, antibodies are formed against infection.
- Immune modulators. They inhibit the reproduction of papillomavirus, stop the growth of skin growth, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgical
To stop the growth of neoplasms on the skin with a viral disease, one of the suggested surgical techniques is performed:
- Laser therapy. Laser cauterization of growths. The method is allowed during pregnancy, is characterized by good tolerance, rapid rehabilitation.
- Cryodestruction. Warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, after which they disappear painlessly. After the procedure, scars do not remain on the body.
- Diathermocoagulation. The growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave therapy. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, leaves no scars and has a minimum of medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue lesions, suspected oncology. The downside is scars.
Folk remedies
To eliminate the manifestations of papillomavirus in the complex treatment schedule, methods of alternative medicine are used. It is impossible to cure HPV from the inside in this way, but it is really possible to eliminate neoplasms on the skin without consequences. To remove genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following health recipes:
- Pull a fresh stalk of celandine, rinse, rub the growth on the skin. Perform the procedure once / day until the wart dries up and falls off by itself.
- Lubricate warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform the procedure until the buildup disappears.
- Squeeze out the juice of the garlic, lubricate the lesions of the pathology. Perform the procedure 2-3 times a day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Cut the rowanberries in half. Apply to wart, secure with plaster. Perform the procedure before going to bed, the positive dynamics are noticeable after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal amounts. Stir, applying outer growths 2-3 times a day until they fall off.
To quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, healing decoctions and infusions instead of tea can be included in the complex treatment schedule. Folk remedies with immunostimulatory properties are as follows:
- Infusion of conifers. Pour 1 tbsp. l. chopped needles needles 1 cup boiling water. Let it simmer on moderate heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, sift, take the broth before meals (you can add honey).
- Garlic. Boil in boiling water for 10 minutes. onion peel in the ratio 1: 10. Insist broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon orally. 5-6 times / day before meals (honey can be added).
Prophylaxis
It is difficult to choose the right medicine and destroy papillomavirus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has a number of side effects. You need to take precautionary measures in a timely manner. Medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV twice a year.
- Eliminate promiscuous sex.
- Use barrier contraception.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially during the period of seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Monitor your medication intake.
- Before an active lifestyle, play sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Inpatient vaccination is only able to protect against 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.